学习 Kubernetes 基础知识

任务

Kubernetes v1.16 版本的文档已不再维护。您现在看到的版本来自于一份静态的快照。如需查阅最新文档，请点击 最新版本。

Edit This Page

使用 PodPreset 将信息注入 Pods

在 pod 创建时，用户可以使用 podpreset 对象将 secrets、卷挂载和环境变量等信息注入其中。 本文展示了一些 PodPreset 资源使用的示例。 用户可以从理解 Pod Presets 中了解 PodPresets 的整体情况。

创建 Pod Preset

简单的 Pod Spec 示例

这里是一个简单的示例，展示了如何通过 Pod Preset 修改 Pod spec 。

podpreset/preset.yaml 
apiVersion: settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: PodPreset
metadata:
  name: allow-database
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  env:
    - name: DB_PORT
      value: "6379"
  volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /cache
      name: cache-volume
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

创建 PodPreset：

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/podpreset/preset.yaml

检查所创建的 PodPreset：

kubectl get podpreset
NAME             AGE
allow-database   1m

新的 PodPreset 会对所有具有标签 role: frontend 的 Pods 采取行动。

用户提交的 pod spec：

podpreset/pod.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

创建 Pod：

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/podpreset/pod.yaml

列举运行中的 Pods：

kubectl get pods
NAME      READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
website   1/1       Running   0          4m

通过准入控制器后的 Pod 规约：

podpreset/merged.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
  annotations:
    podpreset.admission.kubernetes.io/podpreset-allow-database: "resource version"
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: cache-volume
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      env:
        - name: DB_PORT
          value: "6379"
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

要查看如上输出，运行下面的命令：

kubectl get pod website -o yaml

带有 ConfigMap 的 Pod Spec 示例

这里的示例展示了如何通过 PodPreset 修改 Pod 规约，PodPreset 中定义了 ConfigMap 作为环境变量取值来源。

用户提交的 pod spec：

podpreset/pod.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

用户提交的 ConfigMap：

podpreset/configmap.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: etcd-env-config
data:
  number_of_members: "1"
  initial_cluster_state: new
  initial_cluster_token: DUMMY_ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN
  discovery_token: DUMMY_ETCD_DISCOVERY_TOKEN
  discovery_url: http://etcd_discovery:2379
  etcdctl_peers: http://etcd:2379
  duplicate_key: FROM_CONFIG_MAP
  REPLACE_ME: "a value"

PodPreset 示例：

podpreset/allow-db.yaml 
apiVersion: settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: PodPreset
metadata:
  name: allow-database
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  env:
    - name: DB_PORT
      value: "6379"
    - name: duplicate_key
      value: FROM_ENV
    - name: expansion
      value: $(REPLACE_ME)
  envFrom:
    - configMapRef:
        name: etcd-env-config
  volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /cache
      name: cache-volume
    - mountPath: /etc/app/config.json
      readOnly: true
      name: secret-volume
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: secret-volume
      secret:
        secretName: config-details

通过准入控制器后的 Pod spec：

podpreset/allow-db-merged.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
  annotations:
    podpreset.admission.kubernetes.io/podpreset-allow-database: "resource version"
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: cache-volume
        - mountPath: /etc/app/config.json
          readOnly: true
          name: secret-volume
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      env:
        - name: DB_PORT
          value: "6379"
        - name: duplicate_key
          value: FROM_ENV
        - name: expansion
          value: $(REPLACE_ME)
      envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: etcd-env-config
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: secret-volume
      secret:
        secretName: config-details

带有 Pod Spec 的 ReplicaSet 示例

以下示例展示了（通过 ReplicaSet 创建 pod 后）只有 pod spec 会被 Pod Preset 所修改。

用户提交的 ReplicaSet：

podpreset/replicaset.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
    matchExpressions:
      - {key: role, operator: In, values: [frontend]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: guestbook
        role: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
            value: dns
        ports:
          - containerPort: 80

PodPreset 示例：

podpreset/preset.yaml 
apiVersion: settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: PodPreset
metadata:
  name: allow-database
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  env:
    - name: DB_PORT
      value: "6379"
  volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /cache
      name: cache-volume
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

通过准入控制器后的 Pod spec：

注意 ReplicaSet spec 没有改变，用户必须检查单独的 pod 来验证 PodPreset 已被应用。

podpreset/replicaset-merged.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: frontend
  labels:
    app: guestbook
    role: frontend
  annotations:
    podpreset.admission.kubernetes.io/podpreset-allow-database: "resource version"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: php-redis
    image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
    resources:
      requests:
        cpu: 100m
        memory: 100Mi
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /cache
      name: cache-volume
    env:
    - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
      value: dns
    - name: DB_PORT
      value: "6379"
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
  volumes:
  - name: cache-volume
    emptyDir: {}

多 PodPreset 示例

这里的示例展示了如何通过多个 Pod 注入策略修改 Pod spec。

用户提交的 Pod 规约：

podpreset/pod.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

PodPreset 示例：

podpreset/preset.yaml 
apiVersion: settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: PodPreset
metadata:
  name: allow-database
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  env:
    - name: DB_PORT
      value: "6379"
  volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /cache
      name: cache-volume
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

另一个 Pod Preset 示例：

podpreset/proxy.yaml 
apiVersion: settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: PodPreset
metadata:
  name: proxy
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /etc/proxy/configs
      name: proxy-volume
  volumes:
    - name: proxy-volume
      emptyDir: {}

通过准入控制器后的 Pod 规约：

podpreset/multi-merged.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
  annotations:
    podpreset.admission.kubernetes.io/podpreset-allow-database: "resource version"
    podpreset.admission.kubernetes.io/podpreset-proxy: "resource version"
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: cache-volume
        - mountPath: /etc/proxy/configs
          name: proxy-volume
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      env:
        - name: DB_PORT
          value: "6379"
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: proxy-volume
      emptyDir: {}

冲突示例

这里的示例展示了 PodPreset 与原 Pod 存在冲突时，Pod spec 不会被修改。

用户提交的 Pod 规约：

podpreset/conflict-pod.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: cache-volume
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

PodPreset 示例：

podpreset/conflict-preset.yaml 
apiVersion: settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: PodPreset
metadata:
  name: allow-database
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  env:
    - name: DB_PORT
      value: "6379"
  volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /cache
      name: other-volume
  volumes:
    - name: other-volume
      emptyDir: {}

因存在冲突，通过准入控制器后的 Pod spec 不会改变：

podpreset/conflict-pod.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: website
  labels:
    app: website
    role: frontend
spec:
  containers:
    - name: website
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: cache-volume
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

如果运行 kubectl describe... 用户会看到以下事件：

$ kubectl describe ...
....
Events:
  FirstSeen             LastSeen            Count   From                    SubobjectPath               Reason      Message
  Tue, 07 Feb 2017 16:56:12 -0700   Tue, 07 Feb 2017 16:56:12 -0700 1   {podpreset.admission.kubernetes.io/podpreset-allow-database }    conflict  Conflict on pod preset. Duplicate mountPath /cache.

删除 Pod Preset

一旦用户不再需要 pod preset，可以使用 kubectl 进行删除：

kubectl delete podpreset allow-database
podpreset "allow-database" deleted

反馈